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Lambda functions (seit C++11)

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C++
 
Sprache C + +
Allgemeine Themen
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General topics
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Flusskontrolle
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Flow control
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Bedingte Ausführung Aussagen
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Conditional execution statements
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Iterationsanweisungen
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Iteration statements
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Gehe Aussagen
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Jump statements
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Funktionen
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Functions
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Funktion Erklärung
Lambda-Funktion Erklärung
Funktions-Template
inline-Spezifizierer
Exception-Spezifikationen (veraltet)
noexcept Spezifizierer (C++11)
Ausnahmen
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Exceptions
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Namespaces
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Namespaces
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Types
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Types
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decltype specifier (C++11)
Specifiers
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Specifiers
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cv Planer
Lagerdauer Planer
constexpr Spezifizierer (C++11)
auto Spezifizierer (C++11)
alignas Spezifizierer (C++11)
Initialisierung
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Initialization
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Literale
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Literals
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Expressions
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Expressions
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alternative Darstellungen
Utilities
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Utilities
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Types
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Types
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typedef declaration
Typ Aliasdeklaration (C++11)
Attribute (C++11)
Wirft
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Casts
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impliziten Konvertierungen
const_cast conversion
static_cast conversion
dynamic_cast conversion
reinterpret_cast conversion
C-Stil und funktionale Besetzung
Speicherzuweisung
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Memory allocation
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Classes
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Classes
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Class-spezifische Funktion Eigenschaften
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Class-specific function properties
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explizit (C++11)
statisch
Besondere Member-Funktionen
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Special member functions
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Templates
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Templates
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Klassen-Template
Funktions-Template
Template-Spezialisierung
Parameter Packs (C++11)
Verschiedenes
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Miscellaneous
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Inline Montage
 
Erzeugt ein Verschluss: eine unbenannte Funktion Objekt erfassen kann Variablen in Rahmen .
Original:
Constructs a Verschluss: an unnamed function object capable of capturing variables in scope.
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Inhaltsverzeichnis

[Bearbeiten] Syntax

[ capture ] ( params ) mutable exception attribute -> ret { body } (1)
[ capture ] ( params ) -> ret { body } (2)
[ capture ] ( params ) { body } (3)
[ capture ] { body } (4)
1)
Volldeklaration
Original:
Full declaration
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2)
Erklärung eines const Lambda: die Objekte durch Kopieren erfasst kann nicht geändert werden .
Original:
Declaration of a const lambda: the objects captured by copy cannot be modified.
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3)
Ausgelassene Hinterkante-return-Typ: der Rückgabetyp der Schließung der operator() wird nach den folgenden Regeln ableiten:
Original:
Omitted trailing-return-type: the return type of the closure's operator() is deduced according to the following rules:
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  • wenn die body besteht aus der einzigen return Anweisung ist der Rückgabetyp der Typ des zurückgegebenen Ausdruck (nach rvalue-to-lvalue, array-to-pointer oder Funktion-to-Zeiger implizite Konvertierung)
    Original:
    if the body consists of the single return statement, the return type is the type of the returned expression (after rvalue-to-lvalue, array-to-pointer, or function-to-pointer implicit conversion)
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  • ansonsten ist der Rückgabetyp void
    Original:
    otherwise, the return type is void
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4)
Ausgelassene Parameter-Liste: Funktion benötigt keine Argumente, wie wenn der Parameter Liste war ()
Original:
Omitted parameter list: function takes no arguments, as if the parameter list was ()
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[Bearbeiten] Erklärung

mutable -
ermöglicht body die Parameter durch Kopieren erfasst zu ändern und ihre nicht-const Elementfunktionen aufrufen
Original:
allows body to modify the parameters captured by copy, and to call their non-const member functions
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exception -
stellt die Exception-Spezifikation oder noexcept Klausel für Operator () des Verschlusses Typ
Original:
provides the Exception-Spezifikation or the noexcept Klausel for operator() of the closure type
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attribute -
stellt die für Attributspezifikation Operator () des Verschlusses Typ
Original:
provides the Attributspezifikation for operator() of the closure type
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{{param list item | capture |{{tr| gibt an, welches Symbole sichtbar im Umfang, wo die Funktion erklärt wird sichtbar innerhalb der Funktion Körper. Eine Liste der Symbole können wie folgt übergeben werden:

  • [a,&b], wo a wird durch den Wert erfasst und b wird durch Bezugnahme aufgenommen.
  • [this] fängt die [[cpp / Sprache / dies| specifies which symbols visible in the scope where the function is declared will be visible inside the function body.

A list of symbols can be passed as follows:

  • [a,&b] where a is captured by value and b is captured by reference.
  • [this] captures the [[cpp/language/this}}|this pointer]]
  • [&] captures all symbols by reference
  • [=] captures all by value
  • [] captures nothing }}
params -
Die Liste der Parameter, wie in genannten Funktionen
Original:
The list of parameters, as in genannten Funktionen
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ret -
Rückgabetyp. Falls nicht vorhanden es durch die Funktion return-Anweisungen (oder ungültig, wenn es keinen Wert zurück) impliziert
Original:
Return type. If not present it's implied by the function return statements ( or void if it doesn't return any value)
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body -
Funktion Körper
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Function body
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Der Lambda-Ausdruck konstruiert eine unbenannte temporäre Objekt von einzigartigen unbenannte non-union Nicht-Aggregat-Typ, wie Schließung Typ, die die folgenden Mitglieder hat bekannt:
Original:
The lambda expression constructs an unnamed temporary object of unique unnamed non-union non-aggregate type, known as closure type, which has the following members:
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ClosureType ::
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ClosureType::
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operator()

ret operator()(params) const { body }
 (das Schlüsselwort mutable wurde nicht verwendet)
ret operator()(params) { body }
 (das Schlüsselwort mutable verwendet wurde)

Executes the body of the lambda-expression, when invoked. When accessing a variable, accesses its captured copy (for the entities captured by copy), or the original object (for the entities captured by reference). Unless the keyword mutable was used in the lamda-expression, the objects that were captured by copy are non-modifiable from inside this operator().

Dangling references

If an entity is captured by reference, implicitly or explicitly, and the function call operator of the closure object is invoked after the entity's lifetime has ended, undefined behavior occurs. The C++ closures do not extend the lifetimes of the captured references.

ClosureType ::
Original:
ClosureType::
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operator ret(*)(params)

typedef ret(*F)(params);
operator F() const;

This member function is only defined if the capture list of the lambda-expression is empty.

The value returned by this conversion function is a function pointer that, when invoked, has the same effect as invoking the closure object's function call operator directly.

ClosureType ::
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ClosureType::
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ClosureType()

ClosureType() = delete;
ClosureType(const ClosureType& ) = default;
ClosureType(ClosureType&& ) = default;

Closure types are not DefaultConstructible. The copy constructor and the move constructor are implicitly-declared and may be implicitly-defined according to the usual rules for implicit kopieren Konstruktoren and bewegen Konstruktoren.

ClosureType ::
Original:
ClosureType::
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operator=()

ClosureType& operator=(const ClosureType&) = delete;

Closure types are not CopyAssignable.

ClosureType ::
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ClosureType::
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~ClosureType()

~ClosureType() = default;

The destructor is implicitly-declared.

ClosureType ::
Original:
ClosureType::
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CapturedParam

T1 a;

T2 b;

...

If the lambda-expression captures anything by copy (either implicitly with capture clause [=] or explicitly with a capture that does not include the character &, e.g. [a, b, c]), the closure type includes unnamed non-static data members, declared in unspecified order, that hold copies of all entities that were so captured.

The type of each data member is the type of the corresponding captured entity, except if the entity has reference type (in that case, references to functions are captured as-is, and references to objects are captured as copies of the referenced objects).

For the entities that are captured by reference (with the default capture [&] or when using the character &, e.g. [&a, &b, &c]), it is unspecified if additional data members are declared in the closure type.

This section is incomplete
Reason: scope rules, capture list rules, nested lambdas, implicit capture vs odr use, decltype

[Bearbeiten] Beispiel

Dieses Beispiel zeigt, wie eine Lambda auf einen generischen Algorithmus und dass Objekte, die sich aus einem Lambda-Erklärung übergeben, können in std::function Gegenstände gelagert werden .
Original:
This example shows how to pass a lambda to a generic algorithm and that objects resulting from a lambda declaration, can be stored in std::function objects.
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#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
 
int main()
{
    std::vector<int> c { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 };
    int x = 5;
    c.erase(std::remove_if(c.begin(), c.end(), [x](int n) { return n < x; } ), c.end());
 
    std::cout << "c: ";
    for (auto i: c) {
        std::cout << i << ' ';
    }
    std::cout << '\n';
 
    std::function<int (int)> func = [](int i) { return i+4; };
    std::cout << "func: " << func(6) << '\n'; 
}

Output: 

c: 5 6 7
func: 10

[Bearbeiten] Siehe auch

auto Spezifizierer
gibt einen Typ durch einen Ausdruck (C++11) definiert
Original:
specifies a type defined by an expression (C++11)
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[edit]
(C++11)
wickelt aufrufbare Objekt eines beliebigen Typs mit dem angegebenen Funktion Call-Signatur
Original:
wraps callable object of any type with specified function call signature
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(Klassen-Template) [edit]
Von „http://de.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/lambda&oldid=22313“