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std::unique_ptr

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C++
 
Utilities-Bibliothek
 
Dynamische Speicherverwaltung
Low-Level-Speicherverwaltung
Zuweiser
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Allocators
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allocator
allocator_traits(C++11)
allocator_arg_t(C++11)
allocator_arg(C++11)
uses_allocator(C++11)
scoped_allocator_adaptor(C++11)
Initialisierter Speicher
Original:
Uninitialized storage
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uninitialized_copy
uninitialized_copy_n(C++11)
uninitialized_fill
uninitialized_fill_n
raw_storage_iterator
get_temporary_buffer
return_temporary_buffer
Intelligente Zeiger
Original:
Smart pointers
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unique_ptr(C++11)
shared_ptr(C++11)
weak_ptr(C++11)
auto_ptr(veraltet)
owner_less(C++11)
enable_shared_from_this(C++11)
bad_weak_ptr(C++11)
default_delete(C++11)
Garbage Collection Unterstützung
Original:
Garbage collection support
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declare_reachable(C++11)
undeclare_reachable(C++11)
declare_no_pointers(C++11)
undeclare_no_pointers(C++11)
pointer_safety(C++11)
get_pointer_safety(C++11)
Verschiedenes
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Miscellaneous
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pointer_traits(C++11)
addressof(C++11)
align(C++11)
C-Bibliothek
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C Library
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std :: unique_ptr
Member-Funktionen
Original:
Member functions
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unique_ptr::unique_ptr
unique_ptr::~unique_ptr
unique_ptr::operator=
Modifiers
Original:
Modifiers
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unique_ptr::release
unique_ptr::reset
unique_ptr::swap
Beobachter
Original:
Observers
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unique_ptr::get
unique_ptr::get_deleter
unique_ptr::operator bool
unique_ptr::operator*
unique_ptr::operator->
unique_ptr::operator[]
Non-Member-Funktionen
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Non-member functions
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operator==
operator!=
operator<
operator>
operator<=
operator>
operator>=
std::swap
std::hash
 
Defined in header <memory>
template<

    class T,
    class Deleter = std::default_delete<T>

> class unique_ptr;
 (1) (seit C++11)
template <

    class T,
    class Deleter

> class unique_ptr<T[],Deleter>;
 (2) (seit C++11)

std::unique_ptr ist ein Smart-Pointer, der:

  • Alleineigentum eines Objekts über einen Zeiger besitzt, und
  • den Zeiger zerstört sobald der unique_ptr out of scope geht.
unique_ptr ist nicht kopierbar oder Kopie zuweisbar. Zwei Instanzen von unique_ptr können nicht das gleiche Objekt verwalten. Ein nicht-const unique_ptr kann das Eigentum an dem verwalteten Objekt zu einem anderen unique_ptr übertragen. Ein const std::unique_ptr können nicht übertragen werden, begrenzen die Lebensdauer des verwalteten Objekts auf den Umfang, in dem der Zeiger angelegt wurde. Wenn der unique_ptr zerstört wird, verfügt er über das Objekt durch Deleter .
Original:
unique_ptr is not copyable or copy-assignable, two instances of unique_ptr cannot manage the same object. A non-const unique_ptr can transfer the ownership of the managed object to another unique_ptr. A const std::unique_ptr cannot be transferred, limiting the lifetime of the managed object to the scope in which the pointer was created. When the unique_ptr is destroyed, it disposes of the object through Deleter.
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Es gibt zwei Versionen von std::unique_ptr:
Original:
There are two versions of std::unique_ptr:
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1)
verwaltet die Lebensdauer eines einzelnen Objekts, z. B. zugeordnet mit neuen
Original:
manages the lifetime of a single object, e.g. allocated with new
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2)
verwaltet die Lebensdauer eines Arrays mit einer Laufzeit Länge, z. B. zugeordnet mit new []
Original:
manages the lifetime of an array with a runtime length, e.g. allocated with new[]
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Typische Anwendungen von std::unique_ptr gehören
Original:
Typical uses of std::unique_ptr include
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  • Bereitstellung Ausnahme Sicherheit auf Klassen und Funktionen, die Objekte zu behandeln mit dynamischer Lebensdauer, durch die Gewährleistung Deletion sowohl normale Ausfahrt und Ausfahrt durch Ausnahme .
    Original:
    providing exception safety to classes and functions that handle objects with dynamic lifetime, by guaranteeing deletion on both normal exit and exit through exception.
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  • vorbei Eigentum einzigartig eigene Objekte mit dynamischer Lebensdauer in Funktionen
    Original:
    passing ownership of uniquely-owned objects with dynamic lifetime into functions
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  • Erwerb des Eigentums von einzigartig-prozentige Objekte mit dynamischen Lebensdauer von Funktionen
    Original:
    acquiring ownership of uniquely-owned objects with dynamic lifetime from functions
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  • als Elementtyp in Bewegung unterstützende Behältern wie std::vector, die Zeiger halten, um dynamisch zugeordneten Objekte, zB wenn polymorphe Verhalten gewünscht wird
    Original:
    as the element type in move-aware containers, such as std::vector, which hold pointers to dynamically-allocated objects, e.g. if polymorphic behavior is desired
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Inhaltsverzeichnis

[Bearbeiten] Mitglied Typen

Mitglied Typ
Original:
Member type
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 Definition
pointer
std::remove_reference<D>::type::pointer wenn dieser Typ existiert, ansonsten T *
Original:
std::remove_reference<D>::type::pointer if that type exists, otherwise T*
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element_type
T gelang es der Typ des Objekts dieses unique_ptr
Original:
T, the type of the object managed by this unique_ptr
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deleter_type
Deleter die Funktion Objekt oder Lvalue Bezugnahme auf Funktion oder Funktion Objekts, vom destructor aufgerufen werden
Original:
Deleter, the function object or lvalue reference to function or to function object, to be called from the destructor
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[Bearbeiten] Member-Funktionen
baut eine neue unique_ptr
Original:
constructs a new unique_ptr
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(öffentliche Elementfunktion) [edit]
zerstört sich das verwaltete Objekt, wenn diese vorhanden ist
Original:
destructs the managed object if such is present
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(öffentliche Elementfunktion) [edit]
ordnet die unique_ptr
Original:
assigns the unique_ptr
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(öffentliche Elementfunktion) [edit]
Modifiers
Original:
Modifiers
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 liefert einen Zeiger auf das verwaltete Objekt und gibt ihn frei
(öffentliche Elementfunktion) [edit]
ersetzt das verwaltete Objekt
Original:
replaces the managed object
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(öffentliche Elementfunktion) [edit]
vertauscht die verwalteten Objekte
Original:
swaps the managed objects
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(öffentliche Elementfunktion) [edit]
Beobachter
Original:
Observers
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liefert einen Zeiger auf das verwaltete Objekt
Original:
returns a pointer to the managed object
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(öffentliche Elementfunktion) [edit]
liefert die Funktion, die zur Zerstörung des verwalteten Objekt verwendet wird
Original:
returns the deleter that is used for destruction of the managed object
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(öffentliche Elementfunktion) [edit]
prüft, ob verwalteten Objekt verknüpft ist
Original:
checks if there is associated managed object
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(öffentliche Elementfunktion) [edit]
Single-Version des Objekts, unique_ptr <T>
Original:
Single-object version, unique_ptr<T>
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dereferenziert den Zeiger auf das verwaltete Objekt
Original:
dereferences pointer to the managed object
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(öffentliche Elementfunktion) [edit]
Array-Version, unique_ptr <T[]>
Original:
Array version, unique_ptr<T[]>
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bietet indizierten Zugriff auf das verwaltete Array
Original:
provides indexed access to the managed array
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(öffentliche Elementfunktion) [edit]

[Bearbeiten] Non-Member-Funktionen
vergleicht zu einem anderen oder mit unique_ptr nullptr
Original:
compares to another unique_ptr or with nullptr
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(Funktions-Template) [edit]
(C++11)
spezialisiert die std::swap Algorithmus
Original:
specializes the std::swap algorithm
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(Funktions-Template) [edit]

[Bearbeiten] Helper-Klassen

(C++11)
Hash-Unterstützung für std::unique_ptr
Original:
hash support for std::unique_ptr
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(class Template-Spezialisierung) [edit]

[Bearbeiten] Beispiel

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
 
struct Foo {
    Foo() { std::cout << "Foo::Foo\n"; }
    ~Foo() { std::cout << "Foo::~Foo\n"; }
    void bar() { std::cout << "Foo::bar\n"; }
};
 
void f(const Foo &foo)
{
    std::cout << "f(const Foo&)\n";
}
 
int main()
{
    std::unique_ptr<Foo> p1(new Foo);  // p1 owns Foo
    if (p1) p1->bar();
 
    {
        std::unique_ptr<Foo> p2(std::move(p1));  // now p2 owns Foo
        f(*p2);
 
        p1 = std::move(p2);  // ownership returns to p1
        std::cout << "destroying p2...\n";
    }
 
    if (p1) p1->bar();
 
    // Foo instance is destroyed when p1 goes out of scope
}

Output: 

Foo::Foo
Foo::bar
f(const Foo&)
destroying p2...
Foo::bar
Foo::~Foo
Von „http://de.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/memory/unique_ptr&oldid=31966“